Archival Notice
This is an archive page that is no longer being updated. It may contain outdated information and links may no longer function as originally intended.
Home | Glossary | Resources | Help | Contact Us | Course Map
Resources by Module
Amplification Overview
Works Cited
- Haas, S. A., M. Hild, A. P. Wright, T. Hain, D. Talibi, and M. M. Vingron. 2003. Genome-scale design of PCR primers and long oligomers for DNA microarrays. Nucleic Acids Res 31 (19): 5576–81
- Farley, Mark A., and James J. Harrington, eds. 1991. Forensic DNA technology. Chelsea, MI: Lewis Publishers.
- National Research Council, Committee on DNA Technology in Forensic Science. 1996. The evaluation of forensic DNA evidence: An update. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.
- Butler, John M. 2005. Forensic DNA typing: Biology, technology, and genetics of STR markers. 2nd ed. Burlington, MA: Elsevier Academic Press.
- Innis, Michael A., David H. Gelfand, and John J. Sninsky, eds. 1995. PCR strategies. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
- PREMIER Biosoft International. PCR primer design guidelines. http://www.premierbiosoft.com/tech_notes/PCR_Primer_Design
(accessed August 31, 2006). - Burke, J. F. 1996. PCR: Essential techniques. Chichester, West Sussex, U.K.: John Wiley & Sons.
- Erlich, Henry A., ed. 1989. PCR technology: Principles and applications for DNA amplification. New York: Stockton Press.
- Newton, C. R., and A Graham. 1994. PCR. Oxford, U.K.: BIOS Scientific Publishers.
- Haas, S. A., M. Hild, A. P. Wright, T. Hain, D. Talibi, and M. M. Vingron. 2003. Genome-scale design of PCR primers and long oligomers for DNA microarrays. Nucleic Acids Res 31 (19): 5576–81.
- Sugimoto, N., S. Nakano, M. Yoneyama, and K. Honda. 1996. Improved thermodynamic parameters and helix initiation factor to predict stability of DNA duplexes. Nucleic Acids Res 24 (22): 4501–5.
- Innis, Michael A., David H. Gelfand, John J. Sninsky, and Thomas J. White, eds. 1990. PCR protocols: A guide to methods and applications. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
- Rychlik, W., W. J. Spencer, and R. E. Rhoads. 1990. Optimization of the annealing temperature for DNA amplification in vitro. Nucleic Acids Res 18 (21): 6409–12.
- Edwards, M., and R. Gibbs. PCR Methods and Applications, 3, S65-S75.
- Mitsuhashi, M. 1996. Technical report: Part 2; Basic requirements for designing optimal PCR primers. J Clin Lab Anal 10 (5): 285–93.
- Vallone, P. M., and J. M. Butler. 2004. AutoDimer: A screening tool for primer-dimer and hairpin structures. Biotechniques 37 (2): 226–31.
Online Links
- Applied Biosystems
http://www.appliedbiosystems.com/ - AutoDimer homepage
http://www.cstl.nist.gov/div831/strbase/AutoDimerHomepage/ AutoDimerProgramHomepage.htm - BLAST
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/blast - UNAFold download (was mFold)
http://dinamelt.bioinfo.rpi.edu/download.php - Oligonucleotide Properties Calculator
http://www.basic.northwestern.edu/biotools/oligocalc.html - Primer Design Software Packages
http://www.cstl.nist.gov/div831/strbase/primer.htm
Locus Selection
Works Cited
- U.S. Congress. House. 1994. The Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994. Public Law 103-322.
- Budowle, B. 2000. STR allele concordance between different primer sets: A brief summary. Profiles in DNA, Promega publication 3 (3):10–11. http://www.promega.com/profiles/303/ ProfilesinDNA_303_10.pdf.
- Sparkes, R., C. Kimpton, S. Watson, N. Oldroyd, T. Clayton, L. Barnett, and J. Arnold, et al. 1996. The validation of a 7-locus multiplex STR test for use in forensic casework. (I). Mixtures, ageing, degradation and species studies. Int J Legal Med 109 (4): 186–94.
- Sparkes, R., C. Kimpton, S. Gilbard, P. Carne, J. Andersen, N. Oldroyd, D. Thomas, A. Urquhart, and P. Gill. 1996. The validation of a 7-locus multiplex STR test for use in forensic casework. (II). Artefacts, casework studies and success rates. Int J Legal Med 109 (4): 195–204.
- Kayser, M. et al. 1997. Evaluation of Y-chromosomal STRs: A multicenter study. International Journal of Legal Medicine 110(3): 125-133, 141-149.
- Applied Biosystems. 2005. AmpFlSTR® SGM Plus® PCR Amplification Kit User's Manual.
- Gill, P., L. Fereday, N. Morling, and P. M. Schneider. 2006. The evolution of DNA databases: Recommendations for new European STR loci. Forensic Sci Int 156 (2–3): 242–44.
- Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM) Y-STR Subcommittee. 2004. Report on the current activities of the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods Y-STR Subcommittee. Forensic Science Communications 6 (3). http://www.fbi.gov/hq/lab/fsc/backissu/july2004/standards/ 2004_03_standards03.htm.
- Kayser, M., A. Caglia, D. Corach, N. Fretwell, C. Gehrig, G. Graziosi, F. Heidorn, et al. 1997. Evaluation of Y-chromosomal STRs: A multicenter study. Int J Legal Med 110 (3): 125–33, 141–49.
Online Links
- ENFSI
http://www.enfsi.org/ - FBI Laboratory Services
http://www.fbi.gov/hq/lab/labhome.htm - Forensic Science Service
http://www.forensic.gov.uk/ - Human Genome Project
http://ornl.gov/swci/techresources/Human_Genome/home.shtml - INTERPOL
http://www.interpol.int/
Multiplexing
Works Cited
- Applied Biosystems. 1998. AmpFℓSTR® Profiler Plus™ PCR Amplification Kit user's manual.
- Budowle, B. 2000. STR allele concordance between different primer sets: A brief summary. Profiles in DNA, Promega publication 3 (3): 10–1. http://www.promega.com/profiles/303/ ProfilesinDNA_303_10.pdf.
- Applied Biosystems. 1998. AmpFℓSTR® Profiler Plus™ PCR Amplification Kit user's manual.
- Applied Biosystems. 2005. AmpFℓSTR COfiler® PCR Amplification Kit user bulletin.
- Applied Biosystems. 2005. AmpFℓSTR® Identifiler™ PCR Amplification Kit user's manual.
- Grossman, P. D., W. Bloch, E. Brinson, C. C. Chang, F. A. Eggerding, S. Fung, D. M. Iovannisci, S. Woo, and E. S. Winn-Deen. 1994. High-density multiplex detection of nucleic acid sequences: Oligonucleotide ligation assay and sequence-coded separation. Nucleic Acids Res 22 (21): 4527–34.
- Baron H., S. Fung, A. Aydin, S. Bahring, F. C. Luft, and H. Schuster. 1996. Oligonucleotide ligation assay (OLA) for the diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolemia. Nat Biotechnol 14 (10): 1279–82.
- Applied Biosystems. 2005. AmpFℓSTR® Yfiler™ PCR Amplification Kit product bulletin.
- Promega Corporation. 2001. PowerPlex® 1.1 System technical manual.
- Promega Corporation. 2002. PowerPlex® 1.2 System technical manual.
- Promega Corporation. 2001. PowerPlex® 2.1 System technical manual.
- Promega Corporation. 2002. PowerPlex® 16 System technical manual.
- Applied Biosystems. 1998. AmpFℓSTR® Profiler Plus™ PCR Amplification Kit user's manual.
- Promega, PowerPlex® 16 System Technical Manual, (2002).
- Fregeau, C. J., K. L. Bowen, B. Leclair, I. Trudel, L. Bishop, and R. M. Fourney. 2003. AmpFℓSTR Profiler Plus short tandem repeat DNA analysis of casework samples, mixture samples, and nonhuman DNA samples amplified under reduced PCR volume conditions (25 microL). J Forensic Sci 48 (5): 1014–34.
Contamination
Works Cited
- Jobling, M. A., and P. Gill. 2004. Encoded evidence: DNA in forensic analysis. Nature Reviews Genetics 5 (10): 739–51.
- Gill, P., and A. Kirkham. 2004. Development of a simulation model to assess the impact of contamination in casework using STRs. J Sci 49 (3): 485–91.
- Gill, P., J. Whitaker, C. Flaxman, N. Brown, and J. Buckleton. 2000. An investigation of the rigor of interpretation rules for STRs derived from less than 100 pg of DNA. Forensic Sci Int 112 (1): 17–40.
- Gil, P. 2002. Role of short tandem repeat DNA in forensic casework in the UK: Past, present, and future perspectives. Biotechniques 32 (2): 366–8, 370, 372 passim.
- Scherczinger, C. A., C. Ladd, M. T. Bourke, M. S. Adamowicz, P. M. Johannes, R. Scherczinger, T. Beesley, and H. C. Lee. 1999. A systematic analysis of PCR contamination. J Forensic Sci 44 (5): 1042–5.
- Butler, John M. 2005. Forensic DNA typing: Biology, technology, and genetics of STR markers . 2nd ed. Burlington, MA: Elsevier Academic Press.
Online Links
- Forensic Science Service
http://www.forensic.gov.uk/ - Section 6, Facilities, of the QAS
http://www.fbi.gov/hq/lab/codis/forensic.htm
Additional Online Courses
- What Every First Responding Officer Should Know About DNA Evidence
- Collecting DNA Evidence at Property Crime Scenes
- DNA – A Prosecutor’s Practice Notebook
- Crime Scene and DNA Basics
- Laboratory Safety Programs
- DNA Amplification
- Population Genetics and Statistics
- Non-STR DNA Markers: SNPs, Y-STRs, LCN and mtDNA
- Firearms Examiner Training
- Forensic DNA Education for Law Enforcement Decisionmakers
- What Every Investigator and Evidence Technician Should Know About DNA Evidence
- Principles of Forensic DNA for Officers of the Court
- Law 101: Legal Guide for the Forensic Expert
- Laboratory Orientation and Testing of Body Fluids and Tissues
- DNA Extraction and Quantitation
- STR Data Analysis and Interpretation
- Communication Skills, Report Writing, and Courtroom Testimony
- Español for Law Enforcement
- Amplified DNA Product Separation for Forensic Analysts
Date Created: July 31, 2023