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DNA Amplification for Forensic Analysts

AmpFℓSTR (Applied Biosystems)

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Applied Biosystems was the first kit manufacturer to produce an STR multiplex kit for DNA testing.

Applied Biosystems Kit Chronology

KitLociDyeComments
AmpFℓSTR® Blue™
  • D3S1358
  • vWA
  • FGA
Blue 5-FAM™
  • Lower discrimination power compared to the larger multiplexes currently used in forensic laboratories
  • Important precursors in the evolution of forensic STR multiplex testing
AmpFℓSTR® Green I™
  • Amelogenin
  • THO1
  • TPOX
  • CSF1PO
Green JOE™
AmpFℓSTR® Profiler Plus™
  • D3S1358
  • vWA
  • FGA
Blue 5-FAM™
  • Used in combination with AmpFℓSTR® COfiler™, meets the national requirements for analyzing the 13 CODIS core loci
  • Incorporates a quality control measure by ensuring concordance of the repeated loci between the two kits (D3S1358, D7S820, and amelogenin), which can assist the laboratory in detecting tube mix-ups.
  • Amelogenin
  • D8S1179
  • D21S11
  • D18S51
Green JOE™
  • D5S818
  • D13S317
  • D7S820
Yellow NED™
AmpFℓSTR® COfiler™
  • D3S1358
  • D16S539
Blue 5-FAM™
  • Used in combination with AmpFℓSTR® Profiler Plus™, meets the national requirements for analyzing the 13 CODIS core loci
  • Incorporates a quality control measure by ensuring concordance of the repeated loci between the two kits (D3S1358, D7S820, and amelogenin), which can assist the laboratory in detecting tube mix-ups.03, 04
Applied Biosystems COfiler
National Institute of Justice (see reuse policy).
  • Amelogenin
  • THO1
  • TPOX
  • CSF1PO
Green JOE™
  • D7S820
Yellow NED™
AmpFℓSTR® Identifiler™
  • D8S1179
  • D21S11
  • D7S820
  • CSF1PO
6-FAM™
  • Faster and less costly
  • Tests for all of the core loci with a single amplification
  • Also amplifies D2S1338 and D19S433, which increases the power of discrimination05
AmpFℓSTR® Identifiler™
National Institute of Justice (see reuse policy).
  • D3S1358
  • THO1
  • D13S317
  • D16S539
  • D2S1338
Green VIC™
  • D19S433
  • vWA
  • TPOX
  • D18S51
Yellow NED™
  • Amelogenin
  • D5S818
  • FGA
Red PET™

To establish a suitable layout for the sample run, Applied Biosystems introduced the use of non-nucleotide linkers to the following primers:  CSF1PO, D2S1338, D13S317, D16S539 and TPOX. Non-nucleotide linkers are placed between the primer and the fluorescent dye during oligonucleotide synthesis.06, 07 This allows for reproducible typing of alleles and provides sufficient spacing between the loci in the multiplex.

Applied Biosystems introduced a Y-STR kit (AmpFℓSTR® Yfiler™) to test for the core Y-STR loci established by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM).

Applied Biosystems AmpFℓSTR® Yfiler™ Kit

LociDyeComments
  • DYS456
  • DYS389I
  • DYS390
  • DYS389II
Blue 6-FAM™
  • Core Y-STR loci recommended by the SWGDAM Y chromosome subcommittee in 2003 included DYS19, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS438,  DYS439, DYS385 (DYS385 is multi-copy)
  • Tests for 17 Y-STR loci08
Applied Biosystems AmpFℓSTR® Yfiler™ Kit
National Institute of Justice (see reuse policy).
  • DYS458
  • DYS19
  • DYS385
Green VIC™
  • DYS393
  • DYS391
  • DYS439
  • DYS635
  • DYS392
Yellow NED™
  • H4
  • DYS437
  • DYS438
  • DYS448
Red PET™

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Date Created: August 25, 2023