Following are articles published by the National Institute of Justice
HOPE: A Swift and Certain Process for Probationers
The HOPE program — Hawaii's Opportunity Probation with Enforcement — is an experimental probation program that emphasizes the delivery of "swift and certain" punishment when a probationer violates conditions of probation.
NIJ Journal Issue 269, March 2012
Research-based information that can help inform policy decisions and improve understanding of the criminal justice system.