Following are articles published by the National Institute of Justice
Assessing Police Use-of-Force Policy and Outcomes
Final Findings From the Expert Panel on the Safety of Conducted Energy Devices
In its final report, an expert panel of medical professionals concludes that the use of conducted energy devices by police officers on healthy adults does not present a high risk of death or serious injury.
How Conducted Energy Devices Work
Less-Lethal Technology: Conducted Energy Devices
Overview of Less-Lethal Technologies
NIJ In-Custody Death Study: The Impact of Use of Conducted Energy Devices
Police Use of Force: The Impact of Less-Lethal Weapons and Tactics
Study suggests that less-lethal weapons decrease rates of injuries.