This article reports on the research methodology and findings from a project to develop staging systems to determine the ossification of the elements of different bones in a human body, with consideration for size and development, among other factors.
The dental and skeletal indicators were collected from full body CT images of individuals aged between birth and 22 years, generated in the past ~10 years. There are 64 variables in the dataset and include diaphyseal lengths, epiphyseal fusion, and dental development. Diaphyseal lengths were taken to the nearest hundredth of a millimeter. See Stull et al. (2014) for a detailed methodology. The remaining variables are ordinal. Depending on the element and location there was a different epiphyseal fusion staging system employed: a seven-stage system was used for the long bone epiphyses and the calcaneal tuberosity; a three-stage system for the pelvis; a binary absent/present was used for the carpals and tarsals, ossification of the elements of the proximal and distal humerus (e.g., humeral head, lesser tubercle, greater tubercle, capitulum, trochlea, composite epiphyses), and the patella. Dental development was scored using a 13-stage system (from one to 13) defined by AlQahtani, Hector, & Liversidge (2010). See Corron et al. (2021) for detailed information regarding ordinal data collection methodology; the publication includes the abbreviations and full variable names along with its staging system. (Published Abstract Provided)
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