Following are articles published by the National Institute of Justice
HOPE: A Swift and Certain Process for Probationers
The HOPE program — Hawaii's Opportunity Probation with Enforcement — is an experimental probation program that emphasizes the delivery of "swift and certain" punishment when a probationer violates conditions of probation.
NIJ Journal Issue 269, March 2012
Research-based information that can help inform policy decisions and improve understanding of the criminal justice system.
"Swift and Certain" Sanctions in Probation Are Highly Effective: Evaluation of the HOPE Program
Beyond the Prison Bubble
For decades, America's chief answer to crime has been to put more persons behind bars for longer. That expensive strategy is yielding diminishing returns. It's time for a closer look at ways of helping individuals steer away from crime.