Predictions Put Into Practice: a Quasi-experimental Evaluation of Chicago's Predictive Policing Pilot

• NCJ Number: 251297
• Journal: Journal of Experimental Criminology Volume: 12 Issue: 3 Dated: September 2016 Pages: 347-371
• Author(s): J. Saunders; P. Hunt; J. S. Hollywood
• Date Published: September 2016
• Length: 27 pages
• Grant Number(s): 2009-IJ-CX-K114
• Agencies: NIJ-Sponsored
• Publication Type: Research (Applied/Empirical); Report (Study/Research); Report (Grant Sponsored); Program/Project Evaluation; Program/Project Description
• Award: Predictive Policing Analytic and Evaluation Research Support

Annotation

This study identified the impact of a pilot program on individual-level and city-level gun violence, and tested possible drivers of results.

Abstract

In 2013, the Chicago Police Department conducted a pilot of a predictive policing program designed to reduce gun violence. The program included development of a Strategic Subjects List (SSL) of people estimated to be at highest risk of gun violence who were then referred to local police commanders for a preventive intervention. The SSL consisted of 426 people estimated to be at highest risk of gun violence. ARIMA models were used to estimate impacts on city-level homicide trends, and propensity-score matching to estimate the effects of being placed on the list on five measures related to gun violence. A mediation analysis and interviews with police leadership and COMPSTAT meeting observations helped in understanding what is driving results. Individuals on the SSL were not more or less likely to become a victim of a homicide or shooting than the comparison group, and this was further supported by city-level analysis. The treated group was more likely to be arrested for a shooting. It is not clear how the predictions should be used in the field. One potential reason why being placed on the list resulted in an increased chance of being arrested for a shooting is that some officers may have used the list as leads to closing shooting cases. The results provide for a discussion about the future of individual-based predictive policing programs. (Publisher abstract modified)