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The researcher found that females under direct supervision were more likely to experience punishment as part of life (which is low in both salience and severity), whereas females under indirect supervision were more likely to experience punishment as death (high in both salience and severity). Males under direct supervision were more likely to experience punishment as a separate life (high salience and low severity), whereas males under indirect supervision were more likely to experience punishment as suspe

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From the article "Through Their Eyes: How Prisoners Make Sense of Their Incarceration," March 19, 2014.

When looking at gender and supervision style in concert, researchers discovered that each group — women under direct supervision, women under indirect supervision, men under direct supervision and men under indirect supervision — was most likely to express a particular narrative of penal consciousness. Women under direct supervision were more likely to experience punishment as part of life, whereas women under indirect supervision were more likely to experience punishment as death. Men under direct supervision were more likely to experience punishment as a separate life, whereas men under indirect supervision were more likely to experience punishment as suspension of life.

Source: Nadine Frederique; Lori Sexton, "Through Their Eyes: How Prisoners Make Sense of Their Incarceration," March 19, 2014, nij.ojp.gov:
https://nij.ojp.gov/topics/articles/through-their-eyes-how-prisoners-make-sense-their-incarceration