NCJ Number
93842
Date Published
January 1984
Length
12 pages
Annotation
The specific deterrence doctrine and labeling theory predict opposite effects of punishment on individual rates of deviance. The limited cross-sectional evidence available on the question is inconsistent, and experimental evidence has been lacking. The Police Foundation and the Minneapolis Police Department tested these hypotheses in a field experiment on domestic violence.
Abstract
Three police responses to simple assault were randomly assigned to legally eligible suspects: an arrest; 'advice' (including, in some cases, informal mediation); and an order to the suspect to leave for 8 hours. The behavior of the suspect was tracked for 6 months after the police intervention, with both official data and victim reports. The official recidivism measures show that the arrested subjects manifested significantly less subsequent violence than those who were ordered to leave. The victim report data show that the arrested subjects manifested significantly less subsequent violence than those who were advised. The findings falsify a deviance amplification model of labeling theory beyond initial labeling, and fail to falsify the specific deterrence prediction for a group of offenders with a high percentage of prior histories of both domestic violence and other kinds of crime. (Author abstract)
Date Published: January 1, 1984