Forensic DNA Interpretation and Human Factors: Improving Practice Through a Systems Approach

• NCJ Number: 309038
• Date Published: May 2024
• Length: 436 pages
• Grant Number(s): DJO-NIJ-17-RO-0175-2
• Agencies: NIJ-Sponsored
• Publication Type: Research (Applied/Empirical)
• Award: Human Factors in Forensic Sciences Expert Working Group Series

Annotation

This report seeks to educate forensic science service providers and criminal justice partners on the influence of human factors on forensic DNA interpretation, with the goal of recommending ways to improve practice and reduce the chance and consequences of errors; it is presented in sections about the following topics: the Expert Working Group on Human Factors in Forensic DNA Interpretation, background and key concepts of forensic DNA analysis, the importance and phases of DNA interpretation, quantitative and qualitative ways to express DNA results, producing and reading DNA reports, pre-trial preparation and expert testimony, the application of knowledge about DNA transfer in criminal cases, quality assurance and control, training and professional credentialing, personnel management in forensic work, the work environment, research culture and research needs, and a summary of all recommendations provided throughout the report.

Abstract

The study of human factors in forensic science informs our understanding of the interaction between humans and the systems they use. The Expert Working Group (EWG) on Human Factors in Forensic DNA Interpretation used a systems approach to conduct a scientific assessment of the effects of human factors on forensic DNA interpretation with the goal of recommending approaches to improve practice and reduce the likelihood and consequence of errors. This effort resulted in 44 recommendations. The EWG designed many of these recommendations to improve the production, interpretation, evaluation, documentation, and communication of DNA comparison results. Additional discussions include:

The potential for cognitive bias and how to reduce it. DNA transfer, persistence, prevalence, and recovery. Work environments and how they can impact productivity and morale. Building a more equipped workforce through investment in centralized forensic education and training. How forensic science service provider management and leadership can foster a culture where errors are seen as a learning opportunity and not treated punitively. Future research and funding directions in forensic DNA interpretation.

This report serves to educate both forensic science service providers and criminal justice partners (e.g., legal practitioners, law enforcement investigators, parent organization leadership, forensic science educators).