Exposure Reduction or Backlash? The Effects of Domestic Violence Resources on Intimate Partner Homicide, Executive Summary

• NCJ Number: 186193
• Author(s): Laura Dugan Ph.D.; Daniel Nagin Ph.D.; Richard Rosenfeld Ph.D.
• Date Published: January 2000
• Length: 6 pages
• Grant Number(s): 97-WT-VX-0004
• Agencies: NIJ-Sponsored
• Publication Type: Report (Study/Research)

Annotation

This is an executive summary of research that examined the extent to which the social response to domestic violence has contributed to the decline in intimate partner homicide.

Abstract

The study retrospectively collected data that documented the types of resources available to victims of domestic violence since 1976 and examined their relationship to the changing patterns of partner homicide. The analysis was based on a panel data set of 48 of the 50 largest U.S. cities for the years 1976 to 1996. The researchers estimated separate panel models for eight possible combinations of victim sex, race, and marital relationship. The analysis incorporated 11 indicators of the State and local domestic violence resources. The analysis controlled for nonintimate adult homicide rates, marriage and divorce rates, women's relative educational attainment, and welfare benefit levels in each of the cities. Poisson regression models were used to estimate the effects of these variables on homicide. The study provided mixed support for the general exposure reduction hypotheses. A little more than half of the findings support the predictions of exposure reduction, and the others show that domestic violence resources are associated with more killings for some victim types. This backlash effect was especially pronounced for unmarried partners. The adoption of a warrantless arrest law was associated with fewer killings of white women and black unmarried men. Increases in the willingness of prosecutors' offices to take cases of protection order violation were associated with increases in the homicide of white married intimates, black unmarried intimates, and white unmarried females. Also, an untoward consequence of cutting AFDC (Aid for Families With Dependent Children) payment levels apparently has been increased homicide victimization of black married men, black unmarried partners, and white unmarried females. Evidence of increased lethality, and even the null findings, could reflect failures of the criminal justice and social service systems to protect victims adequately once they accessed their services.