Root Causes of Bias-based Harassment in Schools: Risk and Protective Factors across Multiple Levels of the Social Ecology

The study fills the gap on bias-based harassment by identifying rates and outcomes (psychological, school) of bias-based harassment (victimization and perpetration related to race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, gender identity, religion, immigration status) among adolescents; and determining risk and protective factors at multiple levels of the social ecology that predict bias-based harassment (victimization, perpetration), and buffer or exacerbate outcomes. This is a longitudinal survey using NORC’s AmeriSpeak Panel. This panel is a nationally representative household based panel data set. There will be four sources of data collected for this study: two from the AmeriSpeak Panel, including parental surveys and adolescent surveys, as well as community indicators from the Census and school level indicators from the Department of Education’s National Center for Education Statistics. Findings will inform the development and tailoring of school safety programs that specifically address bias- based harassment. Note: This project contains a research and/or development component, as defined in applicable law, and complies with Part 200 Uniform Requirements - 2 CFR 200.210(a)(14). CA/NCF