Microbial Degradation of Gasoline in Soil: Effect of Season of Sampling

• NCJ Number: 249322
• Journal: Forensic Science International Volume: 251 Dated: June 2015 Pages: 69-76
• Author(s): D.A. Turner; J. Pichtel; Y. Rodenas; J. McKillip; J.V. Goodpaster
• Date Published: June 2015
• Length: 8 pages
• Grant Number(s): 2010-DN-BX-K036
• Agencies: NIJ-Sponsored
• Publication Type: Research (Applied/Empirical); Report (Study/Research); Report (Grant Sponsored)
• Award: Development of a Sampling System to Stabilize Ignitable Liquid Residues in Fire Debris

Annotation

In cases where fire debris contains soil, microorganisms can rapidly and irreversibly alter the chemical composition of any ignitable liquid residue that may be present. In this study, differences in microbial degradation due to the season in which the sample is collected was examined.

Abstract

Overall, the compounds most vulnerable to microbial degradation are the n-alkanes, followed by the mono-substituted alkylbenzenes (e.g., toluene, ethylbenzene, propylbenzene and isopropylbenzene). Benzaldehyde (a degradation product of toluene) was also identified as a marker for the extent of biodegradation. Ultimately, it was determined that soil collected during an unusually hot and dry summer exhibited the least degradation, with little to no change in gasoline for up to 4 days, readily detectable n-alkanes for up to 7 days and relatively high levels of resilient compounds such as o-xylene, p-xylene and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene. These results demonstrate, however, that prompt preservation and/or analysis of soil evidence is required in order to properly classify an ignitable liquid residue. Soil samples were collected from the same site during fall, winter, spring, and summer; and the degradation of gasoline was monitored over 30 days. Predominant viable bacterial populations enumerated using real-time PCR and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) enumeration revealed the predominant viable bacterial genera to be Alcaligenes, Bacillus, and Flavobacterium. (Publisher abstract modified)