The historic transformations of the criminal justice system must be justified and interpreted through the effects on criminals (Maruna and Immarigeon, 2011). The push for harsher sentencing policies for juvenile offenders, specifically through the use of juvenile waiver to criminal court, is a policy that is not well understood in terms of its effects on offenders, including broader outcomes beyond recidivism. Using various matching specifications, the findings of the current study demonstrate that juveniles transferred to adult court experience no deleterious effects on human capital in terms of educational acquisition compared with similar youth retained in the juvenile system; however, juveniles processed by adult criminal courts earned considerably less income 7 years post-adjudication, compared to those processed in juvenile court. These results suggest that an important and unintended collateral consequence of juvenile waiver is an increase in social stratification, possibly through labeling and labor market discrimination. (Publisher abstract modified)
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