On February 16-18, 2021, the National Institute of Justice hosted the Virtual Conference on School Safety: Bridging Research to Practice to Safeguard Our Schools . The conference brought together researchers, educators, law enforcement, mental health professionals, from federal agencies, national and state school safety organizations, and others in an effort to disseminate key findings, provide firsthand accounts of implementing research into the field, and engage in conversation on how to better bridge research and practice.
The conference provided accounts of NIJ-funded projects to develop and evaluate efforts to improve the safety of students in K-12 schools. Projects addressed violence and victimization, student discipline, information gathering on threats, bullying, school climate, student trauma and mental health challenges, the role of school resource officers, and many others. These are just some of the topics covered during the conference. The presentations and discussions during the conference highlight what we have learned about the effectiveness of various school safety programs, successes and challenges faced during program implementation, the causes and consequences of school violence, and other relevant issues.
The projects discussed are among the approximately 100 that NIJ has funded through the Comprehensive School Safety Initiative and with funding from the STOP School Violence Act to improve the safety of our nation’s schools and students through rigorous research that produces practical knowledge.
Watch Recorded Sessions
Welcome, Overview of CSSI, and A Philadelphia Story
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This video includes a welcome message, an overview of the Comprehensive School Safety Initiative and School Safety Research at NIJ, and the presentation on "A Philadelphia Story: Innovating and Improving in a Large Urban District," by Abigail Gray and Kevin Bethel, School District of Philadelphia.
Breakout Session: Preparing for and Responding to Threats and Violence
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This video includes the following presentations: - Preliminary Data from a Statewide Anonymous Tip Line and Multidisciplinary Teams in Nevada, Al Stein-Seroussi
- Student Threat Assessment as a Safe and Supportive Prevention Strategy, Dewey Cornell
- Evaluation of the Say Something Anonymous Reporting System to Improve School Safety, Justin Heinze and Hsing-Fang Hsieh
- This is Not a Drill: Student and Staff Comprehension of Emergency Operations Protocols for School Violence, Josh Hendrix
Breakout Session: School Transitions and Student Responses to Victimization
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This video includes the following presentations:
- Student Perceptions of School Safety and the Transition to a New School: Is there a Honeymoon Effect?, Dan Abad and Chris Melde
- School Transition and School Violence: Longitudinal Research in Oregon Emma Espel Villarreal, Paul Smokowski and Julia Dmitrieva
- Daily routines and social interactions as contexts for school violence: a qualitative study, Bernadette Hohl
Breakout Session: Alternatives to Traditional School Discipline
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This video includes the following presentations: -
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Restorative Justice in New York City High Schools, Lama Hassoun Ayoub
- Pursuing Equitable and Restorative Communities (PERC) Initiative: Pittsburgh's Restorative Practices Program, John Engberg
- The Impact of the Safe Public Spaces in Schools Program on School Safety, Student Behavior, and Discipline Events, Kimberly Kendizora and Juliette Berg
- Dismantling the School-to-Prison Pipeline While Enhancing School Safety: The Philadelphia Police School Diversion Program, Naomi Goldstein
Roundtable Discussion: Impact of COVID-19 on School Safety
Roundtable Discussion: Tip Lines
Roundtable Discussion: Bureau of Justice Statistics Survey of Law Enforcement in Public Schools (SLEPS)
Breakout Session: Bullying Prevention and Response
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This video includes the following presentations:
- Reducing Youth Violence by Leveraging the Influence of Network Brokers: Preliminary Results of Comprehensive School-Wide Intervention, Richard Gilman
- Evaluating the Olweus Bullying Prevention Program in U.S. Urban Middle Schools, Terri Sullivan - Randomized Impact Evaluation of the No Bully System, Thomas Hanson
- A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Interventions to Decrease Cyberbullying Perpetration and Victimization, Josh Polanin
Breakout Session: Multi-Component Efforts to Improve School Safety
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This video includes the following presentations:
- Exploring the Relationship Between School Climate and Safety: Restorative Justice and PBIS, Troy Smith, Karen Crews, Sean Kelly
- The Causes and Consequences of School Violence: The Impact of Social Media on Delinquency, Timothy McCuddy
- Suspension Diversion and Gang Prevention: Taking a Comprehensive Approach to School Safety, Stephanie Hawkins
Breakout Session: Overcoming School Safety Intervention Implementation Challenges
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This video includes the following presentations:
- Implementation of a Trauma-Informed Approach to PBIS, Ryan Fink
- Studying Implementation of PBIS in Rural Schools During Challenging Times, Lindsey Turner
- Integrated Supports for Vulnerable Middle School Students: Importance of Implementation and Context in Randomized Controlled Trials, Lauren Decker-Woodrow
- National Institute of Justice’s Comprehensive School Safety Framework, Mary Carlton, Nadine Frederique, and Caleb Hudgins
Tragedy to Transformation: Preventing School Violence with Proven Programs
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In the weeks following the murder of her son, Dylan, in his first-grade classroom, Nicole Hockley co-founded Sandy Hook Promise with a mission to end school shootings. The research-informed Know The Signs programs she helped develop and launch have since taught more than 12 million people how to prevent violence and self-harm. Through these no-cost programs, Sandy Hook Promise has averted multiple school shooting plots, teen suicides, and countless other acts of violence.
Breakout Session: Improving School Climate
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This video includes the following presentations:
- School Discipline, Safety, and Climate: A Comprehensive Study in New York City, Elise Jensen
- Randomized Impact Evaluation of Capturing Kids’ Hearts Program, Thomas Hanson
- Comprehensive Assessment of School Climate to Improve Safety in Maryland Middle Schools, Catherine Bradshaw and Elise Pas
- Improving School Safety in the District of Columbia: Lessons Learned From an Evaluation of Safe School Certification, Renee Ryberg
Breakout Session: School Resource Officers and Police in Schools
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This video includes the following presentations:
- Mixed-Methods Evaluation of K-12 School Security Professionals & School Resource Officers Online Training: Understanding Trauma and Social-Emotional Learning, Dorothy Espelage
- Strengthening Culturally-Responsive Practices to Promote and Students’ Social-Emotional Wellbeing in Urban Schools, Jessika Bottiani and Duane Thomas
- An Evidence-based Approach to School Policing, Trevor Fronius, Kathy Martinez-Prather, and Brenda Scheuermann
- An Examination of School Policing Programs: Where We Have Been and Where We Need to Go Next, Joseph McKenna and Anthony Petrosino
Breakout Session: Addressing Student Mental Health Concerns
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This video includes the following presentations:
- Interconnecting PBIS and School Mental Health to Improve School Safety: A Randomized Trial, Mark Weist and Joni Splett
- Project SECURE: A Multi-tiered Approach to Supporting Students Exposed to Trauma, Carl Sumi
- School Safety and School-Based Mental Health Services in a Large Metropolitan School District, Anna Yaros and James Trudeau
- Promoting School Safety: A Comprehensive Emotional and Behavioral Health Model, Jill Bohnenkamp and Cindy Schaeffer
Plenary: Causes and Consequences of School Violence
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To prevent and appropriately respond to incidents of school violence, we must understand what factors contribute to various types of violence and how individuals, both victims and those committing the crime, are impacted by that violence. This discussion includes subject matter experts who have explored the root causes and consequences of school violence from different perspectives and considers policy implications associated with their work.
Breakout Session: Student Mental Health and Trauma
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This video includes the following presentations:
- Evaluating the Implementation of a Multicomponent, School-Based Mental Health Program: Lessons Learned from a Southeastern Site, Kristina Childs Fisher and Sara Bryson
- School and Family Engagement
- Trauma Informed (SAFE-TI) Research Findings and A District's Sustainable Path Forward, Marilyn King and Johanna Bertken
- Using Trauma-Informed Approaches in Schools to Foster Resilience among Urban Black Youth Exposed to Neighborhood Violence, Stacy Overstreet
Breakout Session: Physical Safety and Preparedness
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This video includes the presentations:
- Findings and Lessons from the School Emergency Preparedness Study, Suyapa Silvia - Perception Versus Reality
- Physical Security at K-12 Schools in Arizona, Thomas Foley
- Securing Schools? School Violence and Engagement with Security Measures in One Urban School District, Matthew Cuellar
Breakout Session: CSSI Comprehensive School Safety Initiative Projects
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This video includes the following presentations:
- Assessing a Comprehensive Framework to Reduce School Violence, Beverly Kingston and Alison Dymnicki
- Project SOARS (Student Ownership, Accountability and Responsibility for School Safety): Successes and Challenges, Claudia Vincent and Dorothy Espelage
- School-based Coordination & Integration Efforts as Part of a Comprehensive School Safety Initiative, Joseph McCrary and Christopher Henrich
- Developing a Longitudinal Dataset to Study the Relations Between Community and School Context and Student Outcomes, Maury Nation and Caroline Christopher
Plenary Discussion: Developing and Implementing Evidence-Based Practices in School Safety
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Though we have learned a great deal about what can improve school safety, putting that knowledge to practice can be a demanding task. This discussion will address issues related to the development and implementation of evidence-based approaches to improve school safety. Though the programs/ strategies discussed in this session were not always successful in achieving desired outcomes, what panelists learned will help others seeking to improve the approaches they take to keep schools and students safe. Each panelist has a unique story to tell about their work to use research and evidence to improve school safety.
Roundtable Discussion: Impact of COVID-19 on School Safety Research
Roundtable Discussion: Trauma in Schools
Roundtable Discussion: School Safety Implementation Research Challenges
Breakout Session: School Safety Considerations for Distinct Student Populations
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This video includes the following presentations:
- School Climate, Safety, and Inequality: Highlighting the Significance of Context and Place, Melissa Ripepi, Nicholas Read, Amy Ernstes, Patricia Campie, and Anthony Peguero
- Different Disciplinarians in Schools: The Impact of SROs and Principals on School Safety and Student Outcomes, Lucy Sorenson and Shawn Bushway
- An Evaluation of a Comprehensive Approach to Reducing Disparities in School Discipline, Anna Yaros and Cheryl Roberts
- Immigration and School Threat?: Exploring the Significance of the Border, Trey Marchbanks
Breakout Session: Improving Understanding of Law Enforcement at Schools
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This video includes the following presentations:
- A Taxonomy of Law Enforcement Engagement in Rural Schools, Mario Scalora
- School Resource Officers in Suburban Elementary Schools, F. Chris Curran
- Is It All Just Law Enforcement? Understanding the Diverse Roles of Police in Schools, Benjamin Fisher
- School Resource Officer (SRO) Roles and Training: Perspectives from the Field, Gerard Lawson and Laura Welfare
Breakout Session: School Safety - A Focus on Teachers and Administrators
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This video includes the following presentations:
- Longitudinal Research on Violence Directed against Teachers: Prevalence, Negative Consequences and School Responses, Byongook Moon and John McCluskey
- Sexual Abuse and Exploitation of PreK-12 Students by School Personnel: A Policy Implementation Study, Billie-Jo Grant
- Teacher Perceptions of School Safety and Climate, Jennifer Maeng
- Coaching and Mixed-Reality Practice to Improve Teachers’ Detection and Prevention of and Intervention with Bullying in Middle School Classrooms, Elise Pas and Catherine Bradshaw