Commercial sexual exploitation of children

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An updated typology of commercial sexual exploitation of children and youth cases coming to law enforcement attention in 2021: Implications for identification and investigations

Journal

Science Direct

Date Published

November 2025

Agencies

NIJ-Sponsored

Publication Type

Research (Applied/Empirical)

“They had to change the model to fit the victim, versus the victim having to fit the model”: Innovative solutions in community response to commercial sexual exploitation

Journal

Child and Youth Services

Date Published

December 2025

Agencies

NIJ-Sponsored

Publication Type

Research (Applied/Empirical)

Online Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in a National Victim Survey

Journal

Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy

Date Published

November 2024

Agencies

NIJ-Sponsored

Publication Type

Research (Applied/Empirical)

Sexual Exploitation of Children: A Working Guide to the Empirical Literature

Date Published

August 2001

Agencies

NIJ-Sponsored

Publication Type

Bibliography

Improving Outcomes for Child and Youth Victims of Commercial Sexual Exploitation: An Evaluability Assessment of the Love 146 Survivor Care Programs

Date Published

2024

Agencies

NIJ-Sponsored

Publication Type

Program/Project Evaluation

“Flexibility and Consistency”: Qualitative Insights on Valuable Skills for Providers Working with Survivors of Child Sex Trafficking

Journal

Journal of Evidence-Based Social Work

Date Published

May 2023

Agencies

NIJ-Sponsored

Publication Type

Research (Applied/Empirical)

Friends, Family, and Boyfriends: An Analysis of Relationship Pathways Into Commercial Sexual Exploitation

Journal

Child Abuse & Neglect

Date Published

April 2019

Agencies

NIJ-Sponsored

Publication Type

Research (Applied/Empirical), Report (Study/Research), Report (Grant Sponsored), Program/Project Description

Evaluation of Services for the Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children and Youth: A Scoping Review

Journal

Trauma, Violence, and Abuse

Date Published

October 2022

Agencies

NIJ-Sponsored

Publication Type

Research (Applied/Empirical)

Detention Experiences of Commercial Sexual Exploitation Survivors

Journal

Feminist Criminology

Date Published

2020

Agencies

NIJ-Sponsored

Publication Type

Research (Applied/Empirical)

Safe harbor law: pre- to post-implementation change in service providers' knowledge and response to sex trafficking of minors

Journal

Journal of Crime & Justice

Date Published

2019

Agencies

NIJ-Sponsored

Publication Type

Legislation/Policy Description

Study Revealed Safe Harbor Laws Increased Protections for Sex-Trafficked Youth, Identified Needs for Agency Support and Judicial Training

Date Published

March 2021

Agencies

NIJ

Publication Type

Research (Applied/Empirical)

Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in the U.S., Canada and Mexico

Date Published

February 2002

Agencies

NIJ-Sponsored

Publication Type

Research (Applied/Empirical)

Evaluation of Services for Victims of Crime

2019-V3-GX-0006

Closed

Funding First Awarded

2019

$766,248

Evaluation of Safe Harbor Laws and Their Impact on the Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children

2014-JF-FX-0002

Closed

Funding First Awarded

2018

$499,977

Sex Trafficking and Gangs in the San Diego/Tijuana Border Region Area

2012-R2-CX-0028

Closed

Funding First Awarded

2012

$398,824

Evaluation of the Demonstration Project To Address Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in Atlanta-Fulton County

Date Published

March 2009

Agencies

NIJ-Sponsored

Publication Type

Program/Project Evaluation

Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in New York City, Volume Two: Formative Evaluation: The New York City Demonstration

Date Published

September 2008

Agencies

NIJ-Sponsored

Publication Type

Program/Project Evaluation

Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children: What Do We Know and What Do We Do About It?

Date Published

December 2007

Agencies

NIJ

Publication Type

Issue Overview

Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in New York City: A Population Estimate and Participatory Project Evaluation

2005-LX-FX-0001

Closed

Funding First Awarded

2007

$20,000

Process Evaluation of OJJDP''s CSEC Program in Atlanta

2006-JE-FX-0006

Closed

Funding First Awarded

2006

$451,864

The Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in New York City: A Population Assesment and Participatory Project Evaluation

2005-LX-FX-0001

Closed

Funding First Awarded

2005

$500,000