Commercial sexual exploitation of children

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An updated typology of commercial sexual exploitation of children and youth cases coming to law enforcement attention in 2021: Implications for identification and investigations

Journal

Science Direct

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Date Published

November 2025

Agencies

NIJ-Sponsored

Publication Type

Research (Applied/Empirical)

“They had to change the model to fit the victim, versus the victim having to fit the model”: Innovative solutions in community response to commercial sexual exploitation

Journal

Child and Youth Services

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Date Published

December 2025

Agencies

NIJ-Sponsored

Publication Type

Research (Applied/Empirical)

Online Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in a National Victim Survey

Journal

Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy

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Date Published

November 2024

Agencies

NIJ-Sponsored

Publication Type

Research (Applied/Empirical)

Sexual Exploitation of Children: A Working Guide to the Empirical Literature

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Date Published

August 2001

Agencies

NIJ-Sponsored

Publication Type

Reference Material

Improving Outcomes for Child and Youth Victims of Commercial Sexual Exploitation: An Evaluability Assessment of the Love 146 Survivor Care Programs

Content Advisory Please be aware that this content contains descriptions of violence that may be distressing to some viewers.

Date Published

2024

Agencies

NIJ-Sponsored

Publication Type

Program/Project Evaluation

“Flexibility and Consistency”: Qualitative Insights on Valuable Skills for Providers Working with Survivors of Child Sex Trafficking

Journal

Journal of Evidence-Based Social Work

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Date Published

May 2023

Agencies

NIJ-Sponsored

Publication Type

Research (Applied/Empirical)

Friends, Family, and Boyfriends: An Analysis of Relationship Pathways Into Commercial Sexual Exploitation

Journal

Child Abuse & Neglect

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Date Published

April 2019

Agencies

NIJ-Sponsored

Publication Type

Research (Applied/Empirical)

Evaluation of Services for the Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children and Youth: A Scoping Review

Journal

Trauma, Violence, & Abuse

Content Advisory Please be aware that this content contains descriptions of violence that may be distressing to some viewers.

Date Published

October 2022

Agencies

NIJ-Sponsored

Publication Type

Research (Applied/Empirical)

Detention Experiences of Commercial Sexual Exploitation Survivors

Journal

Feminist Criminology

Content Advisory Please be aware that this content contains descriptions of violence that may be distressing to some viewers.

Date Published

2020

Agencies

NIJ-Sponsored

Publication Type

Research (Applied/Empirical)

Safe harbor law: pre- to post-implementation change in service providers' knowledge and response to sex trafficking of minors

Journal

Journal of Crime & Justice

Content Advisory Please be aware that this content contains descriptions of violence that may be distressing to some viewers.

Date Published

2019

Agencies

NIJ-Sponsored

Publication Type

Legislation/Policy Analysis

Study Revealed Safe Harbor Laws Increased Protections for Sex-Trafficked Youth, Identified Needs for Agency Support and Judicial Training

Content Advisory Please be aware that this content contains descriptions of violence that may be distressing to some viewers.

Date Published

March 2021

Agencies

NIJ

Publication Type

Research (Applied/Empirical)

Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in the U.S., Canada and Mexico

Content Advisory Please be aware that this content contains descriptions of violence that may be distressing to some viewers.

Date Published

February 2002

Agencies

NIJ-Sponsored

Publication Type

Research (Applied/Empirical)

Evaluation of Services for Victims of Crime

2019-V3-GX-0006

Closed

Funding First Awarded

2019

$766,248

Evaluation of Safe Harbor Laws and Their Impact on the Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children

2014-JF-FX-0002

Closed

Funding First Awarded

2018

$499,977

Sex Trafficking and Gangs in the San Diego/Tijuana Border Region Area

2012-R2-CX-0028

Closed

Funding First Awarded

2012

$398,824

Evaluation of the Demonstration Project To Address Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in Atlanta-Fulton County

Content Advisory Please be aware that this content contains descriptions of violence that may be distressing to some viewers.

Date Published

March 2009

Agencies

NIJ-Sponsored

Publication Type

Program/Project Evaluation

Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children: What Do We Know and What Do We Do About It?

Content Advisory Please be aware that this content contains descriptions of violence that may be distressing to some viewers.

Date Published

December 2007

Agencies

NIJ

Publication Type

Issue Overview

Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in New York City: A Population Estimate and Participatory Project Evaluation

2005-LX-FX-0001

Closed

Funding First Awarded

2007

$20,000

Process Evaluation of OJJDP''s CSEC Program in Atlanta

2006-JE-FX-0006

Closed

Funding First Awarded

2006

$451,864

The Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in New York City: A Population Assesment and Participatory Project Evaluation

2005-LX-FX-0001

Closed

Funding First Awarded

2005

$500,000