Evaluation of Nicotine and the Components of e-Liquids Generated From e-Cigarette Aerosols

• NCJ Number: 253986
• Journal: Journal of Analytical Toxicology Volume: 42 Issue: 8 Dated: 2018 Pages: 537-543
• Author(s): Michelle R. Peace; Haley A. Mulder; Tyson R. Baird; Karen E. Butler; Alaina K. Friedrich; Joseph W. Stone; Joseph B. McGee Turner; Alphonse Poklis; Justin L. Poklis
• Date Published: 2018
• Length: 7 pages
• Grant Number(s): 2016-DN-BX-0150; 2014-R2-CX-K010
• Agencies: NIJ-Sponsored
• Publication Type: Research (Applied/Empirical); Report (Study/Research); Report (Grant Sponsored); Program/Project Description
• Award: Characterization and Abuse of Electronic Cigarettes: The Efficacy of a Personal Vaporizer as an Illicit Drug Delivery System; Chasing the Electronic Cigarette Dragon - Characterizing the Evolution and Impact of Design and Content

Annotation

The current study developed a method to trap the aerosol produced by a KangerTech AeroTank, 1.8 preassembled e-cigarette atomizer in order to analyze the concentration of nicotine and to evaluate the constituents of the aerosol at various voltages on the cigarette's power supply.

Abstract

Electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) deliver nicotine in an aerosol to the user that simulates the smoke of traditional cigarettes, purportedly without the pathology of inhaling tobacco smoke due to the absence of combustion. Advanced versions of e-cigs enable the user to potentially moderate the concentration of drugs in the aerosol by selecting from a range of voltages on the power supply. In the current study, a 12-mg/mL formulation of nicotine in 50:50 propylene glycol (PG):vegetable glycerin (VG) was used to produce aerosol at 3.9, 4.3 and 4.7 V. The aerosol was trapped in a simple glass assemblage and analyzed by a 3200 Q Trap HPLC-MS-MS. The dose of nicotine delivered in the aerosol at 3.9, 4.3 and 4.7 V was determined to be 88 +/- 12 g, 91 +/- 15g and 125 +/- 22g. The average recovery of nicotine in the trap across the voltages was 99.8 percent. The glass trap system was an effective device for collecting the aerosol for analysis, and an increase in drug yield was observed with increasing voltage from the power supply on the e-cig. The glass trap system was also used in combination with a 100-m solid-phase microextraction fiber to capture the aerosol and analyze it via DART-MS and GC-MS. Four commercial e-liquids labeled to contain nicotine were aerosolized at 4.3 V. The pharmacologically active ingredient, nicotine, as well as PG, VG and some flavoring agents found in these formulations were identified. (publisher abstract modified)