Following are articles published by the National Institute of Justice
HOPE: A Swift and Certain Process for Probationers
The HOPE program — Hawaii's Opportunity Probation with Enforcement — is an experimental probation program that emphasizes the delivery of "swift and certain" punishment when a probationer violates conditions of probation.
"Swift and Certain" Sanctions in Probation Are Highly Effective: Evaluation of the HOPE Program
Recidivism Is a Core Criminal Justice Concern
Recidivism is one of the most fundamental concepts in criminal justice. It refers to a person's relapse into criminal behavior, often after the person receives sanctions or undergoes intervention for a previous crime.
Research and Practitioner Perspectives on the Rehabilitation and Reintegration of Violent Extremists
Research and practitioners’ experiences provide insight into building capacity for working with violent extremists and meeting their specialized needs.