Pre-Attack Warning Behaviors of 20 Adolescent School Shooters: A Case Study Analysis

A total of 20 case studies were conducted of adolescent school shooters in the United States who committed non-fatal or fatal shootings on K-12 school grounds between 1999 and 2016. The study examined whether the school shooters displayed warning behaviors before the attack, who in the perpetrator’s life was aware of these warning behaviors, and what, if any, actions were taken in response. Given the emergence of online forms of communication, the study also investigated how adolescent school shooters may variably communicate warning behaviors in online and offline contexts. (publisher abstract modified)