In 1994, the U.S. Congress passed the DNA Identification Act (Public Law No. 103-322 -1994).⁰¹ This law, in part, mandated that the FBI was responsible for the Combined DNA Index System (CODIS).

In 1996, the Department of Justice, through the FBI and the Technical Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (TWGDAM), funded the CODIS STR Standardization Project.

The purpose of this project was to evaluate various STR loci and to establish core loci for the CODIS. Crime laboratories from Alabama, Arizona, California, Florida, Michigan, New York, North Carolina, Oregon, Texas, and Virginia, together with the Armed Forces DNA Identification Laboratory (AFDIL), the FBI, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), and the Royal Mounted Canadian Police (RCMP) participated in the study. Two manufacturers, Applied Biosystems and Promega, also participated in the STR Standardization Project.

Prior to this project, each manufacturer had forensic multiplex STR kits available:

• Applied Biosystems AmpFℓSTR^® Profiler™
  • Amelogenin
  • CSF1PO
  • D3S1358
  • D5S818
  • D7S820
  • D13S317
  • FGA
  • TH01
  • TPOX
  • vWA
• Applied Biosystems AmpFℓSTR^® Green II™
  • Amelogenin
  • D8S1179
  • D18S51
  • D21S11
• Promega PowerPlex^®
  • CSF1PO
  • D5S818
  • D7S820
  • D13S317
  • D16S539
  • TH01
  • TPOX
  • vWA

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