Organic extraction techniques are used on all types of forensic samples.  The basic organic extraction method is used on samples that do not contain spermatozoa, whereas a modified differential extraction is used on those samples containing spermatozoa. 

Microcentrifuge tubes with spin baskets can be used for both basic and differential extractions, allowing the substrate (e.g. fabric, cotton swab, etc.) to be removed without difficulty during the extraction process.

This section outlines:

• Use of microcentrifuge tubes with spin baskets, which can be incorporated into most extraction methods
• Basic organic extraction
• Differential organic extraction

Microcentrifuge Tubes with Spin Baskets

Constructed with an open end and a woven end, spin baskets hold a cutting of substrate and are inserted into a common microcentrifuge tube. This allows for the retention of liquid carrying the biological material to be separated from the substrate during centrifugation steps. Any cells that may not be completely freed from the substrate are forced into the tube, along with the excess fluid. Spin baskets may be incorporated into most extraction methods; however, their composition prohibits immersion in phenol/chloroform/isoamyl alcohol (PCI).

Basic Organic Extraction

The basic organic extraction method can be used for most forensic samples, which includes bloodstains, saliva stains, tissue and hair. Details of the method are given in the laboratory manual.

A stain extraction buffer containing a buffer, detergent, DTT, and Proteinase K is added to the sample. This mixture is incubated, and the sample substrate is removed. Then, the mixture is extracted with a phenol/chloroform/isoamyl alcohol combination. The extracted DNA is generally purified and concentrated with a filtration device.⁰⁷

Vortexed PCI

Aqueous Phase

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