here may be additional specialized circumstances in which a laboratory may deem Y-STR analysis to be appropriate:

• In sexual assaults, to obviate the need for the time-consuming and oft-times inefficient differential extraction procedure for the separation of sperm and non-sperm fractions.
• In mixture DNA samples where only the male donor is of interest.
• In criminal paternity Y-STR haplotype of a missing individual by typing a male relative such as a son, brother, father, uncle, or nephew.
• To provide increased statistical discrimination in mixture or kinship analysis cases in which the likelihood ratio obtained from autosomal markers is insufficient for identification purposes.

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