The courtroom can be an intimidating place. The prosecutor or defense attorney should be able to help the analyst in this area. Being familiar with who's who in the courtroom and their functions can ease apprehension. Court proceedings are normally staffed with the following:

• Judge (or Magistrate depending on jurisdiction)

Presides over the trial/hearing and holds ultimate authority over the proceedings that take place.

• Court Deputy or Bailiff

Provides security to the courtroom. Bailiffs ensure order in the courtroom, announce the judge's entry into the courtroom, call witnesses, and prevent the escape of the accused. Additionally, this individual supervises the jury when it is sequestered and controls public and media access to the jury.⁰¹

• Court Clerk

The Court Clerk provides administrative aid to the court during all proceedings. They are normally responsible for handling and securing any evidence that is presented during the proceedings.

• Court Reporter

Also called a court stenographer or court recorder, the court reporter's role is to create a record of all that occurs during trial. This includes verbal comments made in the courtroom, testimony, objections, rulings of the judge, judge's instructions to the jury, arguments made by the attorneys, etc.

The following are self-explanatory:

• Prosecutor (also known as State Attorney, District Attorney, or Solicitor General)
• Defense Counsel
• Defendant
• Jury

The size of the jury will depend on a number of factors. Exclusive of alternate jurors, there are three general jury size compositions: none, six, or twelve.

Where there are no jurors (in the trial phase), the judge acts as the jury. This is also referred to as a "bench trial."

States can determine the size of criminal trial juries. Most states use juries composed of 12 persons and usually one or two alternates. Some states allow for juries fewer than twelve, but generally no less than six.

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