Types of courts

The FCCPS data tool compiles comprehensive information provided by selected federal criminal justice agencies, ranging from arrest to reentry. Users can access data on suspects and defendants processed across stages of the federal criminal justice system from 1994.

From 1986 to 2006 the National Judicial Reporting Program (NJRP) collected felony sentencing from a nationally representative stratified sample of state courts in 300 counties. The information collected included: age, race and gender of offenders; dates of arrest, conviction and sentencing data; mode of conviction and type of sentence imposed. Data were collected every 2 years during this time period.

Includes data on the number of law enforcement agencies and officers; characteristics of tribal courts and their caseloads; types of available criminal sanctions; and criminal justice statistics data collection and sharing capacity. The census collected data from nearly 350 tribes in the continental U.S. and is the first comprehensive effort to identify the range of justice agencies operating in tribal jurisdictions, the services those agencies provide, and the types of information systems maintained

The Court Statistics Project (CSP) provides a systematic means to develop a valid, uniform, and complete statistical database that details the operation of state court systems. It provides high-quality, baseline information on state court structure, jurisdiction, reporting practices, and caseload volume and trends. Effective management and planning at the local, state, and national levels depend on accurate, consistent, and comparable information to assess the business of the state courts, identify trends in litigation, and estimate future levels of demand.

Formerly National Pretrial Reporting Program (through 1994), SCPS provided data on the criminal justice processing of persons charged with felonies in 40 jurisdictions representative of the 75 largest counties. These counties accounted for nearly half of the serious crime nationwide. The program prospectively tracked felony defendants from charging by the prosecutor until disposition of their cases (a maximum of 12 months for nonmurder cases and 24 months for murder cases).

Dataset from 40 urban counties used to describe the characteristics of more than 7,000 juveniles charged with felonies in State courts. The findings indicated that prosecution of juveniles in criminal court is generally reserved for those charged with the quite serious crimes of murder, robbery, and aggravated assault

The 2012 Census of Problem-Solving Courts (CPSC) involved the collection of data from all active problem-solving courts. In order to be considered a problem-solving court, it must have (1) operated within the judiciary, (2) operated under the direction of a judicial officer, (3) been active in the reference year, and (4) used therapeutic services to reduce recidivism. A variety of data elements were collected in this census, including type of court, number of participants, services provided, benefits of completing the court, and the exits from the court.